Home  ›  The Bridge on the River Kwai 4k Review

The Bridge on the River Kwai 4k Review

Written By Monday, April 18, 2022 Add Comment Edit

1957 Globe War II flick directed by David Lean

The Bridge on the River Kwai
The Bridge on the River Kwai (1958 US poster - Style A).jpg

American theatrical release poster, "Fashion A"
Directed past David Lean
Screenplay past
  • Carl Foreman
  • Michael Wilson
Based on The Span over the River Kwai
past Pierre Boulle
Produced past Sam Spiegel
Starring
  • William Holden
  • Alec Guinness
  • Jack Hawkins
  • Sessue Hayakawa
Cinematography Jack Hildyard
Edited by Peter Taylor
Music by Malcolm Arnold

Production
company

Horizon Pictures
Distributed by Columbia Pictures

Release dates
  • 2 October 1957 (1957-x-02) (London-premiere)
  • 11 October 1957 (1957-ten-11) (United Kingdom)
  • December 14, 1957 (1957-12-14) (U.s.a.)

Running time

 161 minutes
Countries United kingdom
United States[1]
Linguistic communication English language
Budget $2.8 one thousand thousand[ii]
Box role $thirty.vi million (worldwide rentals from initial release)[2]

The Span on the River Kwai is a 1957 epic war film directed by David Lean and based on the 1952 novel written by Pierre Boulle. Although the film uses the historical setting of the construction of the Burma Railway in 1942–1943, the plot and characters of Boulle's novel and the screenplay are about entirely fictional.[three] The cast includes Alec Guinness, William Holden, Jack Hawkins, and Sessue Hayakawa.

It was initially scripted by screenwriter Carl Foreman, who was later replaced by Michael Wilson. Both writers had to work in secret, as they were on the Hollywood blacklist and had fled to the Uk in lodge to continue working. As a result, Boulle, who did not speak English, was credited and received the Academy Award for All-time Adapted Screenplay; many years later, Foreman and Wilson posthumously received the Academy Award.[4]

The Bridge on the River Kwai is widely regarded as one of the greatest films of all time. It was the highest-grossing picture show of 1957 and received overwhelmingly positive reviews from critics. The flick won seven University Awards (including Best Motion picture) at the 30th Academy Awards. In 1997, the moving-picture show was deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant" and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry by the U.s. Library of Congress.[5] [six] It has been included on the American Picture Institute's list of best American films ever fabricated.[7] [8] In 1999, the British Pic Institute voted The Bridge on the River Kwai the 11th greatest British flick of the 20th century.

Plot [edit]

In early 1943, a fresh contingent of British POWs get in at a Japanese prison camp in Thailand, led by Colonel Nicholson. One of the inmates he meets is Commander Shears of the U.S. Navy, who describes the horrific conditions. Nicholson forbids any escape attempts because they were ordered by headquarters to surrender, and escapes could be seen equally defiance of orders. Dense jungle surrounding the army camp renders escape nearly incommunicable.

Colonel Saito, the camp commandant, informs the new prisoners they will all work, even officers, on the construction of a railway bridge over the River Kwai that will connect Bangkok and Rangoon. Nicholson objects, informing Saito the Geneva Conventions exempts officers from manual labour. After the enlisted men are marched to the bridge site, Saito threatens to have the officers shot, until Major Clipton, the British medical officer, warns Saito there are too many witnesses for him to become abroad with murder. Saito leaves the officers continuing all twenty-four hours in the intense heat. That evening, the officers are placed in a punishment hut, while Nicholson is locked in an iron box after getting browbeaten equally penalisation.

Shears and 2 others escape. Just he survives, though he is wounded. He wanders into a Burmese hamlet, is nursed dorsum to health, and somewhen reaches the British colony of Ceylon.

With the deadline for completion approaching, the work on the bridge is a disaster. The prisoners work as little as possible and sabotage what they tin. In addition, the Japanese engineering plans are poor. Should Saito fail to meet the deadline, he would exist obliged to commit ritual suicide. Desperate, he uses the anniversary of Japan'south 1905 victory in the Russo-Japanese War equally an excuse to relieve face; he announces a full general amnesty, releasing Nicholson and his officers and exempting them from manual labour. Nicholson is shocked by the poor job being washed by his men and orders the building of a proper span, intending it to stand every bit tribute to the British Regular army'south ingenuity for centuries to come up. Clipton objects, believing this to exist collaboration with the enemy. Nicholson's obsession with the bridge, which he comes to view every bit his legacy, eventually drives him to appoint the officers as well every bit the sick and the wounded in manual labor.

Shears is enjoying his hospital stay in Ceylon when British Major Warden invites him to join a commando mission to destroy the bridge simply equally it is completed. Shears tries to get out of the mission by confessing that he impersonated an officer, hoping for better treatment from the Japanese. Warden responds that he already knew and that the U.S. Navy had agreed to transfer him to the British Army to avert embarrassment. Realising he has no choice, Shears volunteers.

The commandos parachute into Thailand. Warden is wounded in an encounter with a Japanese patrol and has to be carried on a litter. He, Shears, and Joyce reach the river in fourth dimension with the aid of Siamese women bearers and their village chief, Khun Yai. Under cover of darkness, Shears and Joyce plant explosives on the bridge towers. A train carrying important dignitaries and soldiers is scheduled to exist the showtime to cantankerous the span the post-obit twenty-four hour period, and Warden'due south goal is to destroy both. By daybreak, however, the river level has dropped, exposing the wire connecting the explosives to the detonator. Nicholson spots the wire and brings information technology to Saito's attention. As the train approaches, they hurry downwardly to the riverbank to investigate. Joyce, manning the detonator, breaks comprehend and stabs Saito to death. Nicholson yells for assistance, while attempting to stop Joyce from reaching the detonator. When Joyce is mortally wounded by Japanese fire, Shears swims across, but is himself shot. Recognising the dying Shears, Nicholson exclaims, "What take I done?"

Warden fires a mortar, wounding Nicholson. Dazed, the colonel stumbles toward the detonator and falls on the plunger, blowing up the span and sending the train hurtling into the river. Witnessing the carnage, Clipton shakes his head and mutters, "Madness! ... Madness!"

Cast [edit]

  • William Holden as "Commander" Shears, U.S. Navy
  • Jack Hawkins every bit Major Warden
  • Alec Guinness as Colonel Nicholson, British commander
  • Sessue Hayakawa as Colonel Saito, Japanese commander
  • James Donald as Major Clipton, medical officer
  • André Morell every bit Colonel Green
  • Peter Williams every bit Captain Reeves
  • John Boxer as Major Hughes
  • Percy Herbert as Grogan
  • Harold Goodwin equally Baker
  • Ann Sears every bit Nurse
  • Henry Okawa as Captain Kanematsu
  • Keiichiro Katsumoto equally Lieutenant Miura (credited equally Yard. Katsumoto)
  • M.R.B. Chakrabandhu as Yai
  • Vilaiwan Seeboonreaung as Siamese daughter (porter for demolition squad)
  • Ngamta Suphaphongs as Siamese girl (porter for demolition team)
  • Javanart Punynchoti as Siamese girl (porter for demolition squad)
  • Kannikar Dowklee as Siamese girl (porter for demolition squad)
  • Geoffrey Horne as Lieutenant Joyce

Product [edit]

Screenplay [edit]

The screenwriters, Carl Foreman and Michael Wilson, were on the Hollywood blacklist and, even though living in exile in England, could only work on the film in secret. The ii did non collaborate on the script; Wilson took over after Lean was dissatisfied with Foreman's work. The official credit was given to Pierre Boulle (who did not speak English), and the resulting Oscar for Best Screenplay (Adaptation) was awarded to him. Only in 1984 did the Academy rectify the situation by retroactively awarding the Oscar to Foreman and Wilson, posthumously in both cases. Subsequent releases of the film finally gave them proper screen credit. David Lean himself also claimed that producer Sam Spiegel cheated him out of his rightful part in the credits since he had had a major hand in the script.[9]

The moving-picture show was relatively true-blue to the novel, with two major exceptions. Shears, who is a British commando officer similar Warden in the novel, became an American sailor who escapes from the POW camp. Likewise, in the novel, the bridge is not destroyed: the train plummets into the river from a secondary charge placed by Warden, but Nicholson (never realising "what accept I done?") does not fall onto the plunger, and the bridge suffers only pocket-sized damage. Boulle nonetheless enjoyed the picture show version though he disagreed with its climax.[10]

Casting [edit]

Although Lean afterwards denied it, Charles Laughton was his commencement choice for the function of Nicholson. Laughton was in his habitually overweight state, and was either denied insurance coverage, or was merely not keen on filming in a tropical location.[11] Guinness admitted that Lean "didn't peculiarly desire me" for the function, and thought about immediately returning to England when he arrived in Ceylon and Lean reminded him that he wasn't the first selection.[12]

William Holden'south deal was considered ane of the best ever for an actor at the time, with him receiving $300,000 plus 10% of the flick'due south gross receipts.[13]

Filming [edit]

Many directors were considered for the project, among them John Ford, William Wyler, Howard Hawks, Fred Zinnemann, and Orson Welles (who was also offered a starring role).[xiv] [15]

The moving-picture show was an international co-production between companies in Great britain and the U.s..[16]

Managing director David Lean clashed with his bandage members on multiple occasions, especially Guinness and James Donald, who thought the novel was anti-British. Lean had a lengthy row with Guinness over how to play the function of Nicholson; the actor wanted to play the office with a sense of humor and sympathy, while Lean thought Nicholson should be "a diameter." On another occasion, they argued over the scene where Nicholson reflects on his career in the army. Lean filmed the scene from behind Guinness and exploded in anger when Guinness asked him why he was doing this. After Guinness was done with the scene, Lean said, "Now you tin all fuck off and go home, you lot English actors. Thank God that I'm starting work tomorrow with an American actor (William Holden)."[17]

The motion-picture show was made in Ceylon (now Sri Lanka).[18] The bridge in the film was near Kitulgala. The Mount Lavinia Hotel was used every bit a location for the infirmary.[19]

Guinness later said that he subconsciously based his walk while emerging from "the Oven" on that of his eleven-year-onetime son Matthew,[20] who was recovering from polio at the fourth dimension, a disease that left him temporarily paralyzed from the waist down.[21] Guinness later reflected on the scene, calling it the "finest piece of piece of work" he had always done.[22]

Lean about drowned when he was swept away by the river current during a break from filming.[23]

In a 1988 interview with Barry Norman, Lean confirmed that Columbia almost stopped filming after iii weeks considering at that place was no white woman in the film, forcing him to add what he chosen "a very terrible scene" between Holden and a nurse on the beach.

The filming of the span explosion was to be done on 10 March 1957, in the presence of S.W.R.D. Bandaranaike, then Prime Government minister of Ceylon, and a team of government dignitaries. However, cameraman Freddy Ford was unable to become out of the manner of the explosion in fourth dimension, and Lean had to end filming. The train crashed into a generator on the other side of the span and was wrecked. It was repaired in time to be blown up the adjacent morning, with Bandaranaike and his entourage nowadays.[23]

Music and soundtrack [edit]

The Bridge on the River Kwai (Original Soundtrack Recording)
Soundtrack album by

Various
Released 1957
Recorded 21 October 1957
Genre Soundtrack
Length 44:49
Label Columbia
Producer Various
Professional ratings
Review scores
Source Rating
AllMusic [24]
Discogs [25]

British composer Malcolm Arnold recalled that he had "ten days to write effectually 40-five minutes worth of music" – much less time than he was used to. He described the music for The Bridge on the River Kwai as the "worst job I ever had in my life" from the indicate of view of time. Despite this, he won an Oscar and a Grammy. [26]

A memorable feature of the film is the melody that is whistled by the POWs—the first strain of the march "Colonel Bogey"—when they enter the camp.[27] Gavin Young[28] recounts meeting Donald Wise, a former prisoner of the Japanese who had worked on the Burma Railway. Young: "Donald, did anyone whistle Colonel Bogey ... equally they did in the film?" Wise: "I never heard it in Thailand. We hadn't much breath left for whistling. But in Bangkok I was told that David Lean, the film's director, became mad at the extras who played the prisoners—us—because they couldn't march in time. Lean shouted at them, 'For God's sake, whistle a march to continue time to.' And a bloke called George Siegatz[29] ... —an expert whistler—began to whistle Colonel Bogey, and a hit was born."

The march was written in 1914 by Kenneth J. Alford, a pseudonym of British Bandmaster Frederick J. Ricketts. The Colonel Bogey strain was accompanied by a counter-tune using the same chord progressions, and so continued with moving-picture show composer Malcolm Arnold's own composition, "The River Kwai March", played past the off-screen orchestra taking over from the whistlers, though Arnold'south march was not heard in completion on the soundtrack. Mitch Miller had a hit with a recording of both marches.

In many tense, dramatic scenes, only the sounds of nature are used. An example of this is when commandos Warden and Joyce hunt a fleeing Japanese soldier through the jungle, drastic to prevent him from alerting other troops.

Historical accuracy [edit]

The River Kwai railroad span in 2017. The biconvex sections are original (constructed past Japan during WWII); the two sections with trapezoidal trusses were built by Japan after the war as war reparations, replacing sections destroyed by Allied aircraft.

The plot and characters of Boulle's novel and the screenplay were almost entirely fictional.[three] Since it was not a documentary, there are many historical inaccuracies in the film, as noted by eyewitnesses to the building of the real Burma Railway past historians.[30] [31] [32] [33]

The conditions to which POW and civilian labourers were subjected were far worse than the film depicted.[34] According to the Republic War Graves Commission:

The notorious Burma-Siam railway, built past Commonwealth, Dutch and American prisoners of war, was a Japanese project driven by the need for improved communications to support the big Japanese army in Burma. During its construction, approximately 13,000 prisoners of state of war died and were buried along the railway. An estimated 80,000 to 100,000 civilians also died in the form of the projection, chiefly forced labour brought from Malaya and the Dutch Eastward Indies, or conscripted in Siam (Thailand) and Burma. Two labour forces, one based in Siam and the other in Burma, worked from opposite ends of the line towards the center.[35]

Lieutenant Colonel Philip Toosey of the British Army was the real senior Allied officer at the bridge in question. Toosey was very different from Nicholson and was certainly not a collaborator who felt obliged to piece of work with the Japanese. Toosey in fact did as much as possible to delay the building of the bridge. While Nicholson disapproves of acts of sabotage and other deliberate attempts to filibuster progress, Toosey encouraged this: termites were collected in large numbers to eat the wooden structures, and the concrete was badly mixed.[31] [32] Some consider the picture show to exist an insulting parody of Toosey.[31]

On a BBC Timewatch plan, a erstwhile prisoner at the camp states that it is unlikely that a man like the fictional Nicholson could have risen to the rank of lieutenant colonel, and, if he had, due to his collaboration he would have been "quietly eliminated" by the other prisoners.[ citation needed ]

Julie Summers, in her book The Colonel of Tamarkan, writes that Boulle, who had been a prisoner of war in Thailand, created the fictional Nicholson character as an amalgam of his memories of collaborating French officers.[31] He strongly denied the claim that the book was anti-British, although many involved in the film itself (including Alec Guinness) felt otherwise.[36]

Ernest Gordon, a survivor of the railway construction and POW camps described in the novel/moving-picture show, stated in his 1962 volume, Through the Valley of the Kwai:

In Pierre Boulle's book The Bridge over the River Kwai and the film which was based on it, the impression was given that British officers non only took office in building the bridge willingly, merely finished in record time to demonstrate to the enemy their superior efficiency. This was an entertaining story. But I am writing a factual account, and in justice to these men—living and dead—who worked on that bridge, I must make it articulate that we never did then willingly. Nosotros worked at bayonet betoken and under bamboo lash, taking any risk to sabotage the operation whenever the opportunity arose.[30]

A 1969 BBC tv set documentary, Return to the River Kwai, made by former POW John Declension,[33] sought to highlight the real history behind the film (partly through getting ex-POWs to question its factual ground, for instance Dr Hugh de Wardener and Lt-Col Alfred Knights), which angered many former POWs. The documentary itself was described by one newspaper reviewer when information technology was shown on Boxing Day 1974 (The Bridge on the River Kwai had been shown on BBC1 on Christmas 24-hour interval 1974) equally "Post-obit the picture, this is a rerun of the antidote."[37]

Some of the characters in the motion-picture show employ the names of existent people who were involved in the Burma Railway. Their roles and characters, however, are fictionalised. For example, a Sergeant-Major Risaburo Saito was in real life second in command at the camp. In the picture, a Colonel Saito is camp commandant. In reality, Risaburo Saito was respected past his prisoners for existence comparatively merciful and fair towards them. Toosey afterwards defended him in his war crimes trial after the war, and the two became friends.

Some Japanese viewers resented the film's depiction of their engineers' capabilities as inferior and less advanced than they were in reality. Japanese engineers had been surveying and planning the route of the railway since 1937, and they had demonstrated considerable skill during their construction efforts across S-East Asia.[38] Some Japanese viewers besides disliked the picture show for portraying the Allied prisoners of war as more than capable of constructing the bridge than the Japanese engineers themselves were, accusing the filmmakers of being unfairly biased and unfamiliar of realities of the span construction, a sentiment echoed by surviving prisoners of war who saw the film in cinemas.[39]

The major railway bridge described in the novel and film did not actually cross the river known at the time equally the Kwai. However, in 1943 a railway span was congenital by Allied POWs over the Mae Klong river – renamed Khwae Yai in the 1960s as a result of the movie – at Tha Ma Kham, five kilometres from Kanchanaburi, Thailand.[xl] Boulle had never been to the bridge. He knew that the railway ran parallel to the Kwae for many miles, and he therefore assumed that it was the Kwae which it crossed just north of Kanchanaburi. This was an wrong supposition. The destruction of the span every bit depicted in the film is likewise entirely fictional. In fact, two bridges were congenital: a temporary wooden span and a permanent steel/concrete bridge a few months later on. Both bridges were used for two years, until they were destroyed by Allied bombing. The steel bridge was repaired and is all the same in apply today.[40]

Reception [edit]

Box role [edit]

American theatrical release poster, "Fashion B", featuring Holden.

The Span on the River Kwai was a massive commercial success. Information technology was the highest-grossing film of 1957 in the U.s.a. and Canada and was besides the most popular motion-picture show at the British box office that year.[41] Co-ordinate to Variety, the motion-picture show earned estimated domestic box office revenues of $xviii,000,000[42] although this was revised downwards the following year to $15,000,000, which was yet the biggest for 1958 and Columbia's highest-grossing film at the fourth dimension.[43] By Oct 1960, the pic had earned worldwide box office revenues of $30 million.[44]

The movie was re-released in 1964 and earned a further estimated $2.6 million at the box office in the United states of america and Canada[45] but the post-obit yr its revised total US and Canadian revenues were reported by Variety as $17,195,000.[46]

Critical response [edit]

On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film received an blessing rating of 96% based on 93 reviews, with an average rating of 9.four/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "This complex war ballsy asks hard questions, resists easy answers, and boasts career-defining work from star Alec Guinness and director David Lean."[47] On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 87 out of 100 based on fourteen critics, indicating "universal acclaim".[48]

Bosley Crowther of The New York Times praised the motion picture equally "a towering entertainment of rich variety and revelation of the means of men".[49] Mike Kaplan, reviewing for Multifariousness, described information technology as "a gripping drama, expertly put together and handled with skill in all departments."[50] Kaplan further praised the actors, particularly Alec Guinness, later on writing "the moving-picture show is unquestionably" his.[50] William Holden was also credited for his acting for giving a solid characterization that was "piece of cake, credible and ever likeable in a office that is the pin point of the story".[fifty] Edwin Schallert of the Los Angeles Times claimed the motion picture's strongest points were for beingness "excellently produced in nigh all respects and that information technology also offers an specially outstanding and different performance by Alec Guinness. Highly competent work is also done past William Holden, Jack Hawkins and Sessue Hayakawa".[51] Fourth dimension magazine praised Lean's directing, noting he demonstrates "a dazzlingly musical sense and control of the many and involving rhythms of a vast composition. He shows a rare sense of humor and a feeling for the poetry of situation; and he shows the fifty-fifty rarer ability to limited these things, not in lines simply in lives."[52] Harrison'southward Reports described the film as an "excellent World War Two gamble melodrama" in which the "production values are first-rate and so is the photography."[53]

Amongst retrospective reviews, Roger Ebert gave the film iv out of iv stars, noting that information technology is one of the few war movies that "focuses not on larger rights and wrongs just on individuals", but commented that the viewer is not certain what is intended by the final dialogue due to the film's shifting points of view.[54] Camber magazine gave the film four out of v stars.[55] Slant stated that "the 1957 epic subtly develops its themes near the irrationality of honor and the hypocrisy of Great britain's grade organization without ever compromising its thrilling state of war narrative", and in comparison to other films of the time said that Span on the River Kwai "advisedly builds its psychological tension until it erupts in a blinding flash of sulfur and flame."[55]

Balu Mahendra, the Tamil film director, observed the shooting of this film at Kitulgala, Sri Lanka during his school trip and was inspired to become a film director.[56] Warren Buffett said it was his favorite pic. In an interview, he said that "[t]hither were a lot of lessons in that... The ending of that was sort of the story of life. He created the railroad. Did he really want the enemy to come in across it?"[57]

Some Japanese viewers have disliked the film'due south depiction of the Japanese characters and the historical background presented as being inaccurate, peculiarly in the interactions between Saito and Nicholson. In particular, they objected to the implication presented in the film that Japanese armed forces engineers were generally unskilled at their profession and lacked proficiency. In reality, Japanese engineers proved to be just as capable at construction efforts equally their Centrolineal counterparts.[58] [59]

Accolades [edit]

American Film Institute lists:

  • 1998 — AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movies — #xiii
  • 2001 — AFI's 100 Years... 100 Thrills — #58
  • 2006 — AFI'south 100 Years... 100 Cheers — #14
  • 2007 — AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movies (tenth Ceremony Edition) — #36

The picture has been selected for preservation in the Usa National Film Registry.

The British Motion-picture show Plant placed The Bridge on the River Kwai as the 11th greatest British film.

Commencement Television set circulate [edit]

ABC, sponsored by Ford, paid a record $one.8 1000000 for the television rights for two screenings in the U.s..[threescore] The 167-infinitesimal pic was get-go telecast, uncut, in colour, on the evening of 25 September 1966, as a 3 hours-plus ABC Moving-picture show Special. The telecast of the film lasted more than three hours because of the commercial breaks. It was nevertheless highly unusual at that fourth dimension for a telly network to evidence such a long motion-picture show in one evening; nigh films of that length were still generally split into two parts and shown over two evenings. But the unusual movement paid off for ABC—the telecast drew huge ratings with a record audience of 72 meg[60] and a Nielsen rating of 38.3 and an audition share of 61%.[61] [62]

Restorations and home video releases [edit]

In 1972, the movie was among the first selection of films released on the early Cartrivision video format, alongside classics such equally The Jazz Singer and Sands of Iwo Jima.[63]

Equally early as 1981, the film was released on VHS and Betamax in a two-record format; the commencement tape lasting almost 100 minutes long and the second tape lasting near an hour on both VHS and Beta. In 1983, the pic was put onto a 2-part CED set. Around the same fourth dimension, the film experienced its get-go Laserdisc release.

Effectually 1986, with the widespread release of longer VHS tapes (such equally the T-160 VHS), The Bridge on the River Kwai got a single-tape VHS and Betamax release; the move from double-tape to single-record would be permanent.

The pic was restored in 1985 by Columbia Pictures. The dissever dialogue, music and effects were located and remixed with newly recorded "atmospheric" sound effects.[64] The paradigm was restored by OCS, Freeze Frame, and Pixel Magic with George Hively editing.[65]

Around the same time, Columbia Pictures would re-release the restored motion-picture show on VHS in the Columbia Classics Studio Heritage Drove, followed a few years later by its starting time DVD re-release and a widescreen VHS release.

On 2 November 2010 Columbia Pictures released a newly restored The Bridge on the River Kwai for the first time on Blu-ray. Co-ordinate to Columbia Pictures, they followed an all-new 4K digital restoration from the original negative with newly restored 5.1 audio.[66] The original negative for the feature was scanned at 4k (roughly four times the resolution in High Definition), and the colour correction and digital restoration were as well completed at 4k. The negative itself manifested many of the kinds of issues one would expect from a film of this vintage: torn frames, embedded emulsion dirt, scratches through every reel, colour fading. Unique to this film, in some ways, were other issues related to poorly fabricated optical dissolves, the original camera lens and a malfunctioning photographic camera. These problems resulted in a number of anomalies that were very hard to correct, like a ghosting effect in many scenes that resembles color mis-registration, and a tick-similar consequence with the image jumping or jerking side-to-side. These issues, running throughout the motion picture, were addressed to a lesser extent on diverse previous DVD releases of the picture show and might not have been so obvious in standard definition.[67]

In popular culture [edit]

  • In 1962, Fasten Milligan and Peter Sellers, with Peter Cook and Jonathan Miller, released the LP record Bridge on the River Wye (Parlophone LP PMC 1190, PCS 3036 (November 1962)). This spoof of the film was based on the script for the 1957 Goon Bear witness episode "An African Incident". Before long before its release, for legal reasons, producer George Martin edited out the 'Thou' every time the give-and-take 'Kwai' was spoken.[68]
  • The comedy team of Wayne and Shuster performed a sketch titled "Kwai Me a River" on their 27 March 1967 Television set show, in which an officeholder in the British Dental Corps (Wayne) is captured past the Japanese and, despite beingness comically unintimidated by any abuse the commander of the POW camp (Shuster) inflicts on him, is forced to build a (dental) "bridge on the river Kwai" for the commander and plans to include an explosive in the appliance to detonate in his mouth. The commander survives the explosion, attributed to a toothpaste commercial punchline in 1960s commercials.[69]
  • Baton Joel mentions it in his 1989 song "We Didn't Outset the Burn".[lxx]
  • Ron Swanson, a character in the television series Parks and Recreation, mentions The Bridge on the River Kwai equally i of the few movies he has seen and a viewing of it is given to him every bit a birthday nowadays.[71] [72]

See likewise [edit]

  • BFI Height 100 British films
  • Listing of American films of 1957
  • Listing of historical drama films
  • List of historical drama films of Asia
  • To Finish All Wars (film)
  • Return from the River Kwai (1989 film)
  • Siam-Burma Death Railway (film)

References [edit]

  1. ^ "The Bridge on the River Kwai (1957)". British Movie Found. Archived from the original on 13 July 2012. Retrieved 7 July 2014.
  2. ^ a b Hall, Sheldon (2010). Epics, Spectacles, and Blockbusters: A Hollywood History. Wayne State University Printing. p. 161. ISBN978-0814330081.
  3. ^ a b "Remembering the railway: The Bridge on the River Kwai, www.hellfire-pass.commemoration.gov.au. Retrieved 09-24-2015.
  4. ^ Aljean Harmetz (sixteen March 1985). "Oscars Go to Writers of 'Kwai'". The New York Times . Retrieved 14 March 2019.
  5. ^ "Consummate National Film Registry List | Flick Registry | National Film Preservation Board | Programs at the Library of Congress | Library of Congress". Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA . Retrieved eighteen September 2020.
  6. ^ "New to the National Film Registry (December 1997) - Library of Congress Information Bulletin". www.loc.gov . Retrieved 18 September 2020.
  7. ^ On the AFI'south 100 Years...100 Movies lists, in 1998 (#xiii) and 2007 (#36)
  8. ^ Roger Ebert. "Nifty Movies: The First 100". Retrieved 25 February 2013.
  9. ^ The Guardian, 17 April 1991
  10. ^ Joyaux, Georges. The Bridge over the River Kwai: From the Novel to the Picture, Literature/Film Quarterly, published in the Spring of 1974. Retrieved 09-24-2015.
  11. ^ {SBIFF} {Lanchester, Elsa Charles Laughton and I}
  12. ^ {Guinness, Alec Blessings in Disguise}
  13. ^ "Columbia Earns as It Holds Coin Due Bill Holden on x% of 'Kwai'". Diversity. 21 May 1958. p. ii. Retrieved 23 January 2021 – via Archive.org.
  14. ^ Baer, William. "Flick: The Bridge on the River Kwai", Crisis Mag, published 09-01-2007. Retrieved 09-24-2015.
  15. ^ "Flashback: A look back at this mean solar day in film history (The Span on the River Kwai released)" Archived 2015-09-25 at the Wayback Machine, www.focusfeatures.com, published 09-23-2015. Retrieved 09-24-2015.
  16. ^ Monaco, Paul (2010). A History of American Movies: A Film-by-film Await at the Art, Arts and crafts, and Business concern of Movie theatre. Scarecrow Printing. p. 349. ISBN9780810874336.
  17. ^ (Piers Paul Read, Alec Guinness, 293)
  18. ^ "Sri Lanka to rebuild bridge from River Kwai movie". BBC News. 29 August 2014. Retrieved i March 2022.
  19. ^ "Picture show locations for David Lean'due south The Span On The River Kwai (1957), in Sri Lanka". The Worldwide Guide to Movie Locations . Retrieved ane March 2022.
  20. ^ Jason, Gary. "Archetype Problem, Classic Films", www.libertyunbound.com, published 09-19-2011. Retrieved 09-24-2015.
  21. ^ Reichardt, Rita. "How Male parent Brown Led Sir Alec Guinness to the Church", www.catholicculture.org, published May/June, 2005. Retrieved 09-24-2015.
  22. ^ Tollestrup, Jon. "The Span on the River Kwai - 1957", www.oscarwinningfilms.blogspot.co.uk, published 12-08-2013. Retrieved 09-24-2015.
  23. ^ a b "The Bridge on the River Kwai(disasters on the movie set)", Purbeck Film Festival, published 08-24-2014. Retrieved 09-24-2015.
  24. ^ "The Bridge on the River Kwai soundtrack rating", www.allmusic.com. Retrieved 09-24-2015.
  25. ^ "Malcolm Arnold's The Bridge on the River Kwai soundtrack", world wide web.discogs.com. Retrieved 09-24-2015.
  26. ^ Schafer, Murray (December 1963). "Xiii Malcolm Arnold". British Composers in Interview. Faber and Faber, London. p. 150. ISBN978-0571054428.
  27. ^ The Colonel Bogey March MIDI file
  28. ^ In his 1981 volume Slow Boats to China, affiliate 39, ISBN 978-0571251032
  29. ^ "sic - correct spelling is Siegertsz. This story is retold in: Anecdotal Tit Bits: Making "The Bridge on the River Kwai"". Thuppahi's Blog. 17 August 2021. Retrieved 23 August 2021. {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  30. ^ a b Gordon, Ernest (1962). Through the Valley of the Kwai . New York: Harper & Row Publishers. ISBN978-1579100360.
  31. ^ a b c d Summer, Julie (2005). The Colonel of Tamarkan. Simon & Schuster Ltd. ISBN0-7432-6350-2.
  32. ^ a b Davies, Peter Due north. (1991). The Homo Behind the Span. Continuum International Publishing Group. ISBN0-485-11402-X.
  33. ^ a b A transcript of the interview and the documentary equally a whole can exist establish in the new edition of John Coast's book Railroad of Decease.Declension, John (2014). Railroad of Death. Myrmidon. ISBN978-ane-905802-93-vii.
  34. ^ "links for research, Allied POWs nether the Japanese". mansell.com . Retrieved 10 March 2016.
  35. ^ Reading Room Manchester. "CWGC - Cemetery Details". cwgc.org . Retrieved 10 March 2016.
  36. ^ Brownlow, Kevin (1996). David Lean: A Biography. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0-312-14578-0. pp. 391 and 766n
  37. ^ "Battle Solar day [Idiot box Listing]". The Guardian. London. 24 Dec 1974. p. 14.
  38. ^ Summers, Julie (2012). "The Colonel of Tamarkan: Philip Toosey and the Bridge on the River Kwai". National Ground forces Museum. p. six. Archived from the original on 8 January 2015. Retrieved half-dozen January 2015.
  39. ^ Sukehiro, Hirakawa. "Bridge on the River Kwai". FEPOW customs . Retrieved half-dozen Jan 2015.
  40. ^ a b "The Colonel of Tamarkan: Philip Toosey and the Bridge on the River Kwai", published by the National Army Museum on 03-04-2012. Retrieved 09-24-2015.
  41. ^ "The Bridge on the River Kwai". British Picture show Institute. 28 November 2004. Archived from the original on 3 Baronial 2012. Retrieved 24 November 2013.
  42. ^ Steinberg, Cobbett (1980). Picture Facts . New York: Facts on File, Inc. p. 23. ISBN0-87196-313-2. When a film is released late in a calendar year (Oct to December), its income is reported in the following year's compendium, unless the film made a peculiarly fast bear on. Figures are domestic earnings (U.s.a. and Canada) equally reported each year in Diverseness (p. 17).
  43. ^ "All-Fourth dimension Top Grosses". Diverseness. 4 January 1961. p. 49. Retrieved 24 April 2019.
  44. ^ "Once-Stupendous-Now-Modest $2,700,000 Budget Kept Secret; 'River Kwai's' Sockfull Gross". Diverseness. nineteen October 1960. p. 3. Retrieved 23 April 2019.
  45. ^ "Big Grossing Pictures of 1964". Variety. 6 January 1965. p. 39.
  46. ^ "All-Time Top Grossers". Multifariousness. 5 Jan 1966. p. 6.
  47. ^ "The Bridge on the River Kwai (1957)". Rotten Tomatoes. Fandango. Retrieved 17 Dec 2021.
  48. ^ "The Bridge on the River Kwai Reviews". Metacritic. CBS Interactive. Retrieved 4 September 2018.
  49. ^ Crowther, Bosley (19 Dec 1957). "Screen: 'The Bridge on the River Kwai' Opens". The New York Times. p. 39. Retrieved 28 April 2021.
  50. ^ a b c Kaplan, Mike (20 Nov 1957). "Motion picture Reviews: The Bridge on the River Kwai". Variety. p. 6. Retrieved 28 April 2021 – via Internet Archive.
  51. ^ Schallert, Edwin (20 December 1957). "'Bridge on River Kwai' Acclaimed as Distinguished War Picture show". Los Angeles Times. Part III, p. x. Retrieved 28 April 2021 – via Newspapers.com. open access
  52. ^ "Cinema: The New Pictures". Time. 23 December 1957. Retrieved 28 April 2021.
  53. ^ "'The Bridge on the River Kwai' with William Holden, Alec Guinness and Jack Hawkins". Harrison'southward Reports. 23 November 1957. p. 186. Retrieved 28 Apr 2021 – via Internet Archive.
  54. ^ Ebert, Roger (18 April 1999). "The Bridge on the River Kwai". Retrieved xi Oct 2018 – via RogerEbert.com.
  55. ^ a b Blauvelt, Christian (xx September 2010). "The Bridge on the River Kwai". Camber Magazine . Retrieved 11 October 2018.
  56. ^ N. Venkateswaran (fourteen Feb 2014). "Balu Mahendra, who made his visuals speak, dies at 74". The Times of Bharat . Retrieved 25 Baronial 2018.
  57. ^ Ro, Sam (1 May 2019). "Warren Buffett carries an American Express card and virtually $400 in cash". Yahoo! Finance . Retrieved one May 2019.
  58. ^ Sukchiro, Hirakawa (December 1999). "Prisoners in Burma". Nihon Echo. 26 (vi). Archived from the original on 28 August 2000. Retrieved 28 April 2021.
  59. ^ Summers, Julie (12 May 2012). The Colonel of Tamarkan: Philip Toosey and the Bridge on the River Kwai . Retrieved 6 January 2015 – via YouTube.
  60. ^ a b "'Bounty' Nicks Ford $ii.iii Mil; A TV Record". Daily Multifariousness. 28 July 1967. p. 1.
  61. ^ "Hit Movies on U.S. TV Since 1961". Variety. 24 Jan 1990. p. 160.
  62. ^ Gowran, Dirt (11 October 1966) Nielsen Ratings Are Dim on New Shows, Chicago Tribune (noting motion-picture show received a 38.3 rating to lead the national Nielsen ratings)
  63. ^ "How Cartrivision's 1972 VCR Foresaw–And Forfeited–The Time-Shifted Future". 21 September 2015.
  64. ^ "The Bridge on the River Kwai". DavidLean.com. Archived from the original on 29 January 2009.
  65. ^ "The Bridge on the River Kwai Credits". BFI Film and TV Database. Archived from the original on 26 September 2008.
  66. ^ "Movies | Disc & Digital | Sony Pictures". Bridgeontheriverkwaibd.com. Retrieved xvi May 2014.
  67. ^ [1] Archived 28 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  68. ^ "Facts and Trivia". The Goon Evidence Site . Retrieved sixteen May 2014.
  69. ^ "Wayne and Shuster Show, The Episode Guide (1954–1990) (serial)". Boob tube archive CA. Archived from the original on 27 June 2019. Retrieved 3 Nov 2007.
  70. ^ Billy Joel – We Didn't Start the Burn down , retrieved xvi April 2020
  71. ^ Velez, Ali. "How Well Do You lot Retrieve Ron Swanson's Funniest Lines From "Parks And Rec"?". BuzzFeed . Retrieved 25 January 2021.
  72. ^ Kandell, Steve. "Parks and Recreation Epitomize: Decease to Crepe-town - TV". Vulture . Retrieved 25 January 2021.

Bibliography [edit]

  • Santas, Constantine (2012). The Epic Films of David Lean. Scarecrow Press. ISBN978-0-8108-8210-2.
  • Ebert, Roger (8 May 2012). 33 Movies to Restore Your Faith in Humanity: Ebert's Essentials. Andrews McMeel Publishing. ISBN978-i-4494-2225-seven.
  • Phillips, Cistron (24 November 2006). Across the Epic: The Life and Films of David Lean. University Press of Kentucky. p. 255. ISBN0-8131-7155-5.
  • Niemi, Robert (2006). History in the Media: Motion picture and Television. ABC-CLIO. p. 96. ISBN978-1-57607-952-2.
  • Roche, Marker William (1998). Tragedy and Comedy: A Systematic Study and a Critique of Hegel. SUNY Printing. p. 65. ISBN978-0-7914-3546-5.
  • Margulies, Ivone (6 March 2003). Rites of Realism: Essays on Corporeal Cinema. Duke University Press. p. 3. ISBN0-8223-8461-2.
  • Capua, Michelangelo (9 October 2009). William Holden: A Biography. McFarland. p. 98. ISBN978-0-7864-5550-8.
  • Larkin, Brian (10 March 2008). Signal and Noise: Media, Infrastructure, and Urban Civilisation in Nigeria. Duke Academy Printing. p. vii. ISBN978-0-8223-8931-6.
  • Ray, Robert Beverley (1985). A Certain Trend of the Hollywood Cinema, 1930-1980. Princeton Academy Printing. p. 174. ISBN0-691-10174-four.
  • Grimes, Charles W. (1 Jan 2003). Trademark & Copyright Disputes: Litigation Forms and Analysis. Aspen Publishers Online. p. 3. ISBN978-0-7355-3515-two.
  • Monaco, Paul (2010). A History of American Movies: A Movie-past-film Await at the Art, Arts and crafts, and Business of Cinema. Scarecrow Press. p. 349. ISBN978-0-8108-7433-six.
  • Roberts, Jonny. How has the representation of World War Ii on film changed from 1939 to 2009. Jonny Roberts. p. 43. GGKEY:HTN6JK1YKP8.
  • Santas, Constantine (2002). Responding to Film: A Text Guide for Students of Movie theatre Art. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 66. ISBN978-0-8304-1580-9.
  • Hall, Sheldon (15 April 2010). Epics, Spectacles, and Blockbusters: A Hollywood History. Wayne Land University Press. p. 168. ISBN978-0-8143-3697-7.
  • Singh, Dr. Laxman Swaroop (2 Oct 2009). The Obsidian Eye: Cat Journeys Through an Impossible Universe. PublishAmerica. p. 121. ISBN978-1-4512-2353-8.
  • Harris, Mark (xiv Feb 2008). Pictures at a Revolution: 5 Movies and the Birth of the New Hollywood. Penguin Publishing Group. p. 124. ISBN978-ane-101-20285-2.
  • Huda, Anwar (1 January 2004). The Art and Science of Cinema. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. p. 154. ISBN978-81-269-0348-ane.
  • Braddock, Jeremy; Hock, Stephen (2001). Directed by Allen Smithee. U of Minnesota Printing. p. 113. ISBN978-0-8166-3533-7.
  • Medavoy, Mike (vii January 2003). Y'all're Only equally Expert as Your Adjacent 1: 100 Great Films, 100 Expert Films, and 100 for Which I Should Be Shot. Simon and Schuster. p. 67. ISBN978-0-7434-0055-8.
  • Fuller, Karla Rae (16 August 2010). Hollywood Goes Oriental: CaucAsian Operation in American Film. Wayne State University Printing. p. 23. ISBN978-0-8143-3538-3.

External links [edit]

  • The Bridge on the River Kwai at IMDb
  • The Bridge on the River Kwai at the BFI's Screenonline
  • The Bridge on the River Kwai at AllMovie
  • The Bridge on the River Kwai at Box Office Mojo
  • The Bridge on the River Kwai at the TCM Film Database
  • The Bridge on the River Kwai at Rotten Tomatoes
  • The Bridge on the River Kwai essay by Daniel Eagan in America's Film Legacy: The Authoritative Guide to the Landmark Movies in the National Film Registry, A&C Black, 2010 ISBN 0826429777, pages 537-538 [ii]

cansleruply1944.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai

0 Response to "The Bridge on the River Kwai 4k Review"

Post a Comment

Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom)

Iklan Atas Artikel

Iklan Tengah Artikel 1

Iklan Tengah Artikel 2

Iklan Bawah Artikel